The brain is capable of holding and retrieving memories for specific fears, revealing a more sophisticated storage and recall capacity than previously thought, neuroscientists have found. The study, which appears in the journal Nature Neuroscience, may have implications for treating post-traumatic stress syndrome – as scientists begin to understand how [...]
Posts Tagged ‘e.g.’
How The Brain Stores Memories Of Specific Fears
Posted in Genel
Tags: (long, a, able, addressing, afraid, all, allows, Also, Among, amygdala, amygdala. However, amygdala. To, an, and, another, antibiotic, any, appears, applied, are, areas, as, aspect, aspects, associated, Association, Association's, at, audio, back, be, because, become, becomes, been, Begin, behavior, between, bite)., bitten, bodies., body, body. The, both, brain, brain's, brings, but, by, called, can, capable, capacity, captured, cause, Center, certain, changes, choked, comes, conditioned, conducted, consolidation, contrast, control, Copernicus, cortex, create, CS, death., demonstrates, Department, Despite, determine, developing, devised, Devitt New, differences, different, discriminate, disrupt, disruption, distinct, distinctions, do, does, dog, dogs, during, e.g., each, eating, Electric, emotional, encoded, encounter, ensures, events, existing, experience, experiences, experiment, exposing, express, fear, fearful, fears, finding, focused, followed, For, forewarns, found, future, had, has, have, holding, holds, Hospital, how, however, If, impaired, implications, in, indicated, injection., Institute, interdisciplinary, is, it, Journal, Kline, known, Krakow, labile, lability, laboratory, last, lasting, learned, lets, life, lifetime, linked, makes, may, Medicine-Bellevue, memories, memories. The, memories. When, memory, methodological, mild, mind, model, modification, more, move, musical, Nathan, nature, nearly, negative, neural, Neuroscience, neuroscientists, neutral, new, not, NYU, occurrences, occurs, of, on, once, one, only., onset, or, organism, other, paired, Paris-Sud, part, particular, parts, passage), pizza, Poland, posits, post-traumatic, previous, previously, prior, process., processed, processes, psychiatric, Psychiatry, quite, rat, rats, re-exposing, recall, recalled, reconsolidation., remembered. The, remembers, replicate, research, Research. The, researchers, result., results, retrieves. Source: James, retrieving, revealing, scary., School, science, scientists, served, serves, shock, shocks, should, shown, shows, so, sophisticated, sought, specific, still, stimulus, storage, store, stored, stress, studies, study, such, susceptible, syndrome., than, that, the, their, then, there, Therefore, these, they, this, thought, threats, Thus, to, tone, tone. Under, tones, tool, toward, treating, two, type, unconditioned, understand, Université, University, university's, updating, US, using, valuable, was, were, whenever, whether, with, words, yielded, York., you, your
No Comments »Increased Patient Anxiety And Physician Overload Could Result From Direct Patient Access To Imaging Test Results
Providing patients with direct access to their imaging test results could improve patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. However, physicians are concerned that it could lead to increased patient anxiety and unrealistic demands on physician time, according to a study in the April issue of the Journal of the American College of [...]
Posted in medicine
Tags: "Given, (generally, a, ability, access, accommodate, according, adequately, affecting, agreed, Also, American, an, and, Annette, anxiety, appropriately. "While, April, are, around, as, Assist, at, Author, be, being, benefits, better, briefly, calls, care, clarification, clinical, College, communicate, comprehend, concern, concerned, consultative, content, contents, context, could, Curry American, days., decisions, demands, did, direct, directly, disadvantages, dissatisfaction, do, dramatically, e.g., educational, eight, experience, focus, For, Forest, from, fully, greatest, groups. Radiologists, guide, have, health, high, however, hyperlinks, If, imaging, immediate, implications, improve, improved, in, including, increase, increased, information, informed, Internet, into, is, issue, it, its, J, Johnson, Johnson. The, Journal, later, lead, limit, looked, made, Management, manner, material, may, MD, meaning, Medical, medicine, might, minority, more, MS, much, NC, needs, negatively, not, Number, of, offer, offered, on, online, only., opportunity, or, outcomes., own, Participants, participated, participating, Patient, patients, performed., physician, physicians, Place, possibility, possibly, potential, predicted, prepare, prompt, proper, Providing, quality, radiologists, radiology, Radiology. "Patients, rapid, ray, realistically, receive, referring, regard, report, reporting, reports, requests, responsibility, results, revolved, Roentgen, said, said. Source: Heather, satisfaction, School, seven, several. "The, shared, she, should, small, Society, Some, study, supported, surprising, system., telephone, test, that, the, their, them, there, they, this, thought, time, to, two, typically, understand, understanding, University, unlimited, unrealistic, up, using, verbally, Wake, want, was, weeks, were, who, Winston-Salem, with, would, written
No Comments »Energetic Quanta: Gamma-Rays
Energetic Quanta: Gamma-Rays
Gamma rays…
Are emitted from the nucleus to trim excess energy.
Tend to carry higher energies than X-rays, but this does not have to be the case
For example, after a larger energy decay particle (e.g. a beta particle) is emitted, the nucleus may still be slightly unstable (i.e., the atom [...]
Posted in medicine, radiation biology, radiology
Tags: (i.e., 3), a, after, amount, an, and, are, at, atom, be, Beta, but, by, carried, carry, case For, cesium-137, cobalt-60, contrast, Decay, does, e.g., electromagnetic, electron-volts., emission, emitted, emitters:, energetic, Energetic Quanta: Gamma-Rays, energies, energized, energy, energy. Important, EV., example, examples, excess, excited, from, gamma, Gamma-Rays Gamma, have, higher, in, is, isomeric, larger, light, lose, may, means, millions, not, nucleus, of, or, particle, photons, potassium-40, provides, quanta., ranging, ray, rays, rays…, relative, remains, scale, Simplified, slightly, smaller, spectrum, state)., still, technetium-99m, Tend, than, the, this, thousands, to, trim, unstable, visible, wavelength, with, X-rays
2 Comments »spleen
The Spleen
• Imaging techniques
• Normal anatomy
• Splenomegaly
• Malignant mass lesions
• Splenic infection
• Splenic trauma
• Other splenic disorders
IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Plain radiography is not routinely used in the evaluation of [...]
Posted in anatomy, medicine, radiology
Tags: (generally, (H), (haemosiderois), (histiocytic), (I)., (i.e., (Kasabach–Merritt, (L)., (long, (lymphangioma, (masses, (melanoma)., (NHL)[21]., (open, (P), 10–30%, 11, 12%, 25, 25-year, 25–35%, 28:24-34. 31., 2–16, 2–5, 3), 30, 314, 33:1054-1061. 21., 33:561-565. 27., 35:47175. 10., 35–55, 3–4, 3–5%[7]., 4), 40:49-50. 24., 48, 480, 49:115-117. 34., 4–8, 5, 50, 52:333-336. 12., 54:2460-2467. 23., 59:777-792. 2., 5–10, 6, 60, 62:180-182. 14., 63:652-653. 11., 7)., 70%, 72%, 73.1, 73.10, 73.11, 73.12, 73.13, 73.14, 73.15, 73.16, 73.17, 73.18, 73.2, 73.3, 73.4, 73.5, 73.6, 73.7, 73.8, 73.9, 75:573-577. 8., 7:246-248. 5., 8, 82:582-587. 37., 86:73-76. 6., 95%, 99mTc, 99mTc-labelled, 99mTc-sulphur, a, Abbitt, abdomen, abdominal, abnormal, abnormalities, abnormalities[1]. On, About, abscess., abscesses, abscess[26]., Absence, absent, AC:, acceptable, Accessory, accompanies, accurate, achieve, acquired, Acta, Acute, Acutely, adenocarcinoma, adequate, adhesion, adjacent, administration, adolescence[10]., adult, adults, Advanced, affected, affects, after, age, agents, aggressive, AH, aid, air, Aisenberg, AJR, Akbunar, al., all, Allen, almost, along, Also, alter, alternative, Alternatively, although, always, Am, ambiguous), amount, amyloidosis, an, anaemia, anaemias Haemoglobinopathies Hereditary, anastomotic, anatomy, ANATOMY The, anatomy •, and, anechoic, Aneurysm, angiography. Percutaneous, angiomatosis, angiosarcoma, anomalies The, anomalies., anomalous, anomaly, another, anterior, antero-posterior, any, aorta, appear, appearance, appearances, appears, appendicitis., approach, appropriate, Approximately, arch;, are, area, areas, around, arrow, arrow) Splenic, arrows, arteritis, artery, as, ascites, aspergillus, aspiration, asplenia, assessed, assessment, assessments?., Assist, Assoc, associated, asymptomatic, at, atherosclerosis, attempt, attenuation, autologous, autopsy, autopsy[12]., autotransplantation, avascular, awareness, axial, axillary, axis, back, Ballesta, Barboriak, BC, be, becomes, becoming, been, before, being, below, benign, Berlin:, best, between, Bilateral, biopsy, BL, Black, bleeding, blood, blunt, body, Bogman, Boland, bolus, Book, border, both, Br, Brandt, breast, breath-hold, bubbles., bulge, Buntain, but, by, cage, Calcification, calcified, calcify, calcium, Calder, called, can, cancer:, candida, candidal, candidiasis, cannot, capillary, capsular, capsule, cardiovascular, carinii., Carragher, carry, Case., cases, Castellino, categorized, catheterization, cause, caused, Causes, causing, cava, cavernous, CD, cell, cells., cellular, centimetres, central, certain, changes, channels, Chapter, characteristic, characteristics., characterized, characterizing, chemotherapy[23]. Figure, chest, Chew, child-bearing, childhood, children, Chirivella, choice, chronic, Churchill, CJ:, classification, cleft, clefts, Clin, clinical, clinicopathologic, closely, clot, clotted, clot’), clue, clues, cm, coagulopathy, coefficient, coeliac, coexistent, Colleague, collection, colloid, colorectal, Colour, common, commonly, comparative, comparison, compartments, complete, complex, complication, complications, component, components, component[18]., composed, compressing, comprises, comprising, Comput, Computed, computer, concepts, concomitant, condition, confusion, congenital, connective, Consequently, considerably., conspicuousness, contain, containing, content, contracts, contrast, contrast-enhanced, core, coronal, correlate, correlates, correlation., corresponding, corresponds, Cosgrove, covered, crescentic, Cronan, cross-sectional, cryptococcus[28]., CT, CT-based, CT-guided, CT. Several, CT. With, CT/MRI, cumbersome, curvature, curve, cyst, cyst Non-neoplastic, cystic, cysts, cysts[11]., cytological, D, DA, Dachman, Dailiana, Dardenne, Daskalogiannaki, Daughter, Dawes, de, debris, debris[15]., decrease., decreased, decreases, deficiency, defined, degree, delayed, delineation, demonstrated, demonstrating, denatured, dense, density, Depending, depends, depletion, deposited, deposition, deposits, derived, derives, descent., DeSchepper, detectable., detected., detecting, detection, deterioration., determination, determine, developing, development, devised, Dewbury, DG, diabetes, diagnose, diagnosed, diagnosis, diagnosis. The, diagnostic, diameter, diaphragmatic, different, differential, differentiating, difficult, Diffuse, diffuse[36]., diminished, diminution, direct, directed, discrete, disease, disease Metastatic, disease Amyloidosis Histiocytosis Collagen, disease Gaucher's, disease Niemann–Pick, disease. Figure, DISORDERS Splenic, disorders IMAGING, dissemination., distal, distinguish, distorts, divided, DJ, DM, do, documented., does, doppler, dorsal, down, Dr, drainage, drainage. NORMAL, draining, dramatically, drive., Duddy, due, Dumbleton, duration, during, dynamic, e.g., early, echinoccoccal, echinococcosis, echo, echo-texture, echoes, echogenic, echogenicity, ectopic, ectopically, ed., Edinburgh:, either, EK:, elements, Ellman, Elman, Elsevier, elsewhere, emboli, embolic, embryological, enable, encasing, enclosed, Endocarditis, endometrium., enhance, enhanced, enhancement, enhances, enhancing, enlarged, enlargement, enter, entire, epidermoid, episodes, equal, errors, erythematosus Rheumatoid/Felty, erythrocytes, especially, estimated, et, Eur, evaluate, evaluated, evaluating, evaluation, eventually, evidence, evolution, examination, excellent., except, extend, extending, extends, extension, extent, external, factors, false", fast-spin-echo, Features, Federle, fell, few, fibrosarcoma, fibrosis Splenic, fibrous, Figure, filling, films., final, Findings:, Fishman, flow, fluid, fluid. Lymphangioma Lymphangioma, fluid/haematoma, focal, foci, follicle, follow, following, follows, For, form, formation, forms., found, fracture, fragility, framework, frequently, Friedman, from, FS, Fukuda, functional, functioning, functions. Spleen, fungal, fungi, further, Furthermore, fusion, G, gadolinium, gadolinium-based, gas, Gastroenterol, Gastrointest, gastrointestinal, gastrosplenic, gender, generalised, generalized, Gens, genuinely, ger, Gervais, give, gives, gonad, gonadal, gonad[9]., Gould, Gourtsoyiannis, gradient, gradient-echo, grading, granuloma, granulomas, Graph, greater, greatly, grows, Gunes, GW, habitus., had, haemangioma), haemangiomas, haemangiomata., haemangioma[14]., haematocrit., haematogenous, haematological, haematoma, haematoma. On, haematopoiesis Myelofibrosis Miscellaneous Sarcoidosis Porphyria Benign, Haemoperitoneum, haemorrhage, haemorrhage. Other, haemorrhagic, haemosiderosis, Hahn, Hall, hamartoma, hamartomas, Harris, has, Hatjidakis, have, HB, healed, healing, heat, Heiken, help, helpful, hemangioma., hemidiaphragm. Accessory, hepatic, hepatomegaly., hepatosplenic, heterogeneous, heterogeneously, heterotaxia, heterotopic, heterozygous, high, higher, highly, hilum., histocytoma. Metastatic, histological, Histologically, histoplasma, history, Hodgkin, Hodgkin's, homogeneous, homogenous, homozygous, hours, how, however, HR, HT, HU, hundred, HU[16]. Hamartoma Splenic, HU[29]., hydatid, hydatidosis, hyperechoic, hyperintense;, Hyperplasia:, hypersplenism., hypertension Cirrhosis Cystic, hypertrophy, hypoattenuating, hypochondrium, hypodense, hypodensity, hypoechoic, hypotensive, iatrogenic., identified, identify, identifying, idiopathic., If, image, images, images. Figure, images[37]. In, imaging, immediately, immune, immunocompromised, immunological, immunosuppression, implants, important, in, inactive, Inc, incidentally, include, includes, increased, increasing, index, indicated, indicator, indistinguishable, individual, individuals, infarct., infarcted, infarction, infarction. Bacterial, infarcts, infection, INFECTION Splenic, infection •, inferior, infiltrated, infiltration, infrequently, inhomogeneous, initial, injected, injection., injured, injuries, injury, Inoue, intensity, internal, interspersed, intervention, intestine, into, intra-abdominal, intracystic, intrasplenic, intravascular, intravenous, intravenously, investigation, involved, involved. Patients, involvement, involves, involving, in’[19]. MALIGNANT, Irgil, Iron, iron-oxide, irregular, is, iso, isodense, isointense;, isomerism), issue. Polysplenia, it, Itai, its, J, J.A.W., JA., JC, JE, Jeffrey, Jennis, Jessop, JJ, JK, join, JP, JT:, judge, Julie, K, KA, Kanagasabay, Kawashima, KCD, Kelekis, KI:, kidney, KJ, Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber, known, Koehler, Kosovsky, Koutrouvelis, Kozicky, Kunnen, KY, LA, Lab, labelled, laceration, lacerations., ladder., Lam, Lamb, large, late, laxity, lead, Lederman, Lee, left-sided, left-sidedness)., left., leiomyosarcoma, length, lesion, lesions, LESIONS Lymphoma, lesions Splenic, lesions •, lesions[13]., lesion[22]., less, leukaemia, leukaemia. On, level, levo-isomerism, LG, lies, ligament., ligaments, like, likely, limited, line., linear, lining, Lippencott-Raven;, literature., little);, liver, liver. Other, Livingstone;, LJ, lobe, lobulated, lobulations, local, Localized, located, location, lon, longitudinal, Louis, low, low-attenuation, low-density, low-intensity, low-level, lower, low[2]., LS, Lucey, Lund, lung, lupus, lymph, lymphadenopathy, lymphangiomatosis:, lymphatic, lymphoid, lymphoma, lymphomas[20]., M, MA, made, Magnetic, Maher, Mahony, main, Malangoni, male, malignancy, malignancy. SPLENOMEGALY There, malignant, malrotation, man, manifestation, manuscript, many, margin, marginated, Markisz, Markowitz, Marti-Bonmati, Martin, mass., material, Maull, may, Maynard, Mean, means, measurement)., measurements)., measures, media, medially, Medical, medicine, medicine, medium., Meire, melanoma. Figure, membrane, men, Merjo, mesenchymal, mesentery, mesogastrium., mesothelial, metastases, metastasis., metastasis. Haemangioma Haemangioma, metastasize, Metastatic, method, Meyer, microabscess., microabscesses, microbubble, microbubble-enhanced, microscopic, mid, midline, Milcu, mild, miliary, millimetres, mimic, Minami, minute, minutes, Mirvis, misinterpreted, mixed, mixture, MJ, mm, Molina, monitor, mononucleosis Tuberculosis Typhoid Extramedullary, months., more, Morehouse, Mori, Mortelé, Mosby-Year, Moser, most, move, moves, MP:, mr, MRI, MRI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We, MRI. Splenic, Mrs, mucinous, Mueller, multifocal, multilayered, Multiple, Murari, muscle., musculature, mycobacteria, Mycobacterium, myeloid, N, near, nearly, necrosis, need, needed, neoplasm, nerve, neutropenic, NHL, Nikita, NL, no, node, nodes), Nodular, nodules, non-contrast-enhanced, non-enhanced, non-enhancing, non-Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin's, non-lymphoid, non-specific, noncalcified, Noninfectious, nonparasitic, nonperfused, nonsurgical, nonvascular, normal, Normally, normal[32]., Norowitz, not, notched, Note, noted, Number, oblique, observers, obstruction Neoplasms Leukaemia/lymphoma Storage, obtained, obtained[32]. CT, occasional, occasionally, occlusion, occupying, occur, occurred, occurring, occurs, of, often, Ohtomo, OJ, Olmsted, on, one, only., opacification, optimally, or, organ, organs, organs[25]., orientation, origin, Orwig, other, others, outcome, outline, ovarian, Ovary., overall., ovoid, oxide, oxide-enhanced, Pa, Paivansalo, pancreas, pancreatic, Papaioannou, para-aortic, paramagnetic, parasitic, parenchyma, parenchyma. Figure, parenchymal, parent, Parker, part, partial, particles, pathogens, Pathol, pathologic, pathological, pathology, Patient, patients, pattern, Pauw, Peddu, penetrating, percutaneous, performed., peripheral, perisplenic, peritoneal, peritoneum, permits, pertinent, PF, phase, Philadelphia:, Pistoia, PJ, PL, plain, PM, Pneumocystis, pneumonia., pooling, poor, poorly, population, population[6]., portal, portion, position, positive, possess, possible, post-traumatic, posterior, posterolateral, potential, PR., practical, practice, Prassopoulos, predict, Predictability, prediction, predisposing, predominantly, predominating[17]., preparations. REFERENCES 1., presence, present, present. Figure, present. SPLENIC, presentation, prevalence, primary, primordia, Print, prior, probability, problems, process., processes, produces, producing, product, prognosis, progressive, properties, protein, proteinaceous, provide, provides, proximity, PS:, Pseudoaneurysm, pseudocyst, pseudocysts. The, pulp., punctuate, purely, quadrant, R., RA:, Rabushka, radiograph, RadioGraphics, radiography, Radiol, radiologic, radiologic-pathologic, radiological, Radiologically, radiologist., radiology, radionuclide, Rafal, Raissaki, range, ranges, rapid, rare, rarely, rate, RB, RE:, readily, READING Dachman, receive, receiving, Recent, recognise, recurrence, red, refers, reflect, reflectivity, regions, related, relation, relative, relatively, reliably, remnant, rendering, repeated, replaced, replacement, report, reported, represent, representing, represents, requires, reserved., residual, resolves, resonance, respect, Rest, result., resulting, results, reticuloendothelial, retrorenal, returns, reveals, review, Reznek, RH:, Rhyne, rib, right, right-sided, rights, rim, ring, ring-like, rise, RJ, Roentgenol, Ros, round, rounded, Rounding, routine, routinely, RPJ, RR, rupture, rupture[24]., rupture—i.e., SA, sac, Sagel, salmonella., salvage, sarcoidosis, sarcoidosis. Table, Sarikaya, scalloping, scattered, Scintigraphic, scintigraphy., scolices., SE, see, seen, seen. Figure, selective, sensitive, sentinel, Separation, septation, septic, sequence., sequences, sequences. The, sequences[15]., sequestration, Serial, serology, serosal, several, shadowing., Shah, shape., sharply, short, should, show, showing, shown, shows, shrunken, sickle-cell, sidedness. Splenogonadal, Sidhu, sign, signal, significant, sign—an, similar, simulate, single, singly, Siniluoto, site, size, size The, size. Splenosis Splenosis, SK, skeletal, Skin, skin’, slightly, slow, small, smaller, Smith, smooth, soft, solid, Solitary, Some, sometimes, soon, SP, spaces, specific, spherical, spherocytosis Infections Hepatitis Malaria Infectious, spin-echo, Spinger-Verlag;, spleen, Spleen •, spleen. Figure, spleen. On, spleen. Radionuclide, spleen. The, spleens, spleen[35]. Iron, splenectomy, splenectomy[27]. Infection, splenic, Splenogonadal, splenomas, SPLENOMEGALY Congestive Portal, Splenomegaly •, Splenomegaly., splenomegaly[5]., splenorenal, splenosis, splenosis[33]., splenosis[34] OTHER, splenules, splenunculi. The, spoiled, spontaneous, spread, spread. Parenchymal, SS, St, stage, Stanley, staphylococci, stomach, Storm, streptococci, Strijk, structures, studies, study, subacute, subcapsular, subjective, subtraction, successful, successfully, such, sudden, suggest, suggests, sulphur, summation, superior, superiority, superiorly, superparamagnetic, supplemental, supply, supporting, supramagnetic, Supraparamagnetic, surface, surface. Figure, surface. The, surfaces., Surg, surgical, surrounding, survive, suspensory, sympathetic, syndrome Haemolytic, syndrome). Figure, syndrome., system., system. The, systemic, systems, T1-, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, Table, tail, taken, Tang, technetium-99m, technique, technique. Figure, TECHNIQUES Plain, techniques •, ten, teratoma, Testicular, than, thanks, Thanos, that, the, their, them, there, thereby, these, they, thick, thickening., thickness, thickness[3]., thin-walled, third, this, thorax., those, thought, three-dimensional, thrombocytopenia, Tikkakoski, time, tin, tiny, tip, tissue, tissues., to, Tomogr, tomographic, Tomography, Torsion, towards, trabeculae, trabeculation, trace, tracer, tract, trait), transfusions, transfusions. Splenic, transmits, trapping, trauma, TRAUMA Splenic, trauma •, traumatic, traumatized, trauma—may, treated, treatment, treatment. SPLENIC, true, truly, tuberculosis, Tumoral, tumors, tumour, tumours, tumours Splenic, two, type, Typical, typically, ultimately, ultrasound, Umlas, uncertainty, uncommon, undergo, undergone, underlying, undulating, unenhanced, unidentified, uniform, unilocular, unique, unless, unlike, unusual, up, upper, upside, uptake, urinary, urography., urology, US, US-guided, Use, used, used. Angiography, useful, using, usually, value, Vanhoenacker, variable, variant, variants, varies, vary, vascular, vascular Systemic, vasculature:, vein, veins;, vena, venous, Version Copyright, vertical, very, vessels., vessels[3]., visceral, visible, Visualization, visualized, vivo, volume, volume[7]., Wagener, wall, wandering, Warshauer, was, water., Webb, Webb.) Figure, wedge-shaped, weight., well, well-circumscribed, well-defined, well-marginated, were, When, where, whether, white, Whitley, who, whom, width, will, with, within, WL, Wobbes, women, Woosley, would, wound, WW:, www.mdconsult.com, Y, Yankaskas, years., Yilmazlar, younger, [32]. Delayed, [86%], [8]. Normal, ©, ‘filling, ‘onion, ‘sentinel, ‘water-lily’, “bull's-eye”
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