Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
Clinical
Upper-extremity DVT now accounts for about 8% of all cases of DVT. Subclavian vein (SCV) clot is usually associated with arm swelling. Jugular venous (JV) clot is often asymptomatic.
Diagram of venous drainage of upper extremity: A-Medial cubital vein; B-Basilic vein; C-Cephalic vein; [...]
Posted in Emergency, medicine, radiologic emergencies, radiology 
Tags: (generally, (i.e., (JV), 3), 3.5 MHz may be needed for obese patients, 4), 45¡, 5, 60, 7.5, 7.5 MHz if thin). Use compression on the axillary, 8, 90¡, a, A-Medial, abducted, abnormal, About, absent, accounts, adjacent, all, Also, an, and, and jugular veins just as you would compress lower extremity veins. The SCV cannot be directly compressed and requires more careful examination. Generally the SCV is best evaluated from the infracla, applied, approach, approach. Gray, approaches., are, arm, arrow, arrowhead)., arrowheads, arrows, artery, as, associated, asymmetrically, Asymmetry, asymptomatic, at, augmentation., average, axillary, B-Basilic, BCV, be, best, Bilateral, blood, both, brachial, C-Cephalic, can, cannot, careful, carotid, cases, cava, central, changes, clot, collapse, Color, compared, comparison, complete, completely, compress, compressed, compressibility, compression., continuous, could, cubital, D-Brachial, decreased, deep, defects, demonstrating, Diagram, dilated, directly, distal, distend, distended, distention, doppler, Doppler Compare, Doppler Look, drainage, Duplex, DVT, DVT: 1), E-Axillary, elevated, Emergency, enlargement, especially, evaluated, evident., Exam Patient, examination, extremities, Extremity, F-Subclavian, Figure, filling, Findings:, flat, flow, For, from, G-External, getting, H-Internal, Having, head, help, hypoechoic, I-Brachiocephalic, i.e. continuous nonphasic flow, If, image, imaged, in, indicate, indicates, infra-, infraclavicular, internal, intraluminal, is, its, J-Superior, Jugular, just, lack, least, lecture, linear, little);, longitudinal, Look, lower, lumen, maintains, maneuver., maneuvers, may, medicine, MHz), minimal, more, needed, no, non-compressibility, non-phasic, nonphasic, normal, Note, now, obese, obstruction., obtainable, occluding, of, often, on, opposite, or, or no obtainable signal. Duplex Doppler demonstrating non-phasic flow in a peripheral vein with thrombosis., or put patient flat or even in Trendelenburg position to distend the veins. Use a linear transducer (5 MHz for average patient, partial, Patient, patients, peripheral, phasic, portion, position, possible, present, presumed, problem, put, radiology, red, reduced, reduced or absent flow with distal augmentation, requires, respiration, respiratory, response, scale First, settings:, shape., should, shows, side., signal, signals, size, slow, sniff, sonographic, Subclavian, suggest, supraclavicular, swelling, symptomatic, that, the, there, there is no response to these respiratory maneuvers and the vein is often asymmetrically dilated. Look at the opposite presumed normal side. Duplex Doppler Compare bilateral waveforms. , these, thin, Thrombosis-Upper, thrombosis., thrombus, to, transducer, transverse, Trendelenburg, trouble, ultrasound, unlike, upper, Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis, Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) Clinical Upper-extremity DVT now accounts for about 8% of all cases of DVT. Subclavian vein (SCV) clot is usually associated with arm swelling. Jugular , Use, usually, vein, vein. 2), veins. Use, veins;, vena, venous, very, Visualization, waveforms., which could suggest a thrombus. Slow flow can indicate a possible thrombus in the BCV or SCV especially if there is slow flow compared with the opposite side. Comparison will also help you with the se, while, will, with, would, you 
No Comments »Epididymitis
Clinical
Epidydimitis is usually caused by Chlamydia ssp., but Neisseria gonorrhoeae is also a common pathogen. It is most often found in post-pubertal, sexually active males. It presents as a tender and erythematous (acutely inflamed) epididymis. Urethral discharge, dysuria, fever and pyuria may also be present.
Exam
Begin with the patient in the supine position. [...]
Posted in Emergency, medicine, radiologic emergencies, radiologic images, radiology, urology Tags: (long, (marked, 1), 7.5, a, A B Acute, A B The, abdomen, abnormal, absolutely, accessible. Always, active, Acute, Acutely, affected, Also, and, any, are, arrow, arrowheads, arterial, as, asymmetric, asymptomatic, at, be, below, but, by, caused, chlamydia, Color, common, compare, compared, cover, decreased, demonstrates, dilatation, discharge., document, doppler, dysuria, each, easily, echogenicity, Emergency, enlarged, epididymis, epididymitis, Epididymitis Clinical Epidydimitis, erythematous, essential, Exam Begin, fever, filter, Findings: 1), flow, For, found, getting, gonorrhoeae, Gray, hydrocele, hypervascularity, hypoechoic, If, image, images, in, include, increase, increased, indicated, indicates, inflamed, is, it, its, just, know, lecture, left., linear, Look, lower, lowest, males, maximum, may, Mean, measure, medicine, MHz), mid, most, move, must, Neisseria, noise., normal, not, Note, Obtain, of, often, on, opposite, or, orchitis., painful, parts, pathogen., Patient, penis, Place, position, possible, post-pubertal, present, present. Color, presents, presumed, put, pyuria, radiology, red, reflecting, respectively., right, scale, scans, scrotum., second, sensitivity, setting, settings:, sexually, show, small, so, sonographic, ssp., supine, swollen, tender, testicle., testicles, testis., that, the, through, to, towel, transducer, transverse, Ultrasound lecturers, Ultrasound lecturers 17 (Epididymitis), underside, upper, Urethral, Use, usually, vascularity, velocity, venous, vessels., visualize, white, with, you, your 3 Comments »Testicular Torsion
Clinical
Testicular torsion must be identified and treated within a few hours to prevent infarction of the testis. Patients prone to torsion lack the normal attachment of the testis and epididymis to the posterior scrotal wall. The patients usually present with sudden onset of severe unilateral scrotal pain. Testicular [...]
Posted in Emergency, medicine, radiologic emergencies, radiologic images, radiology, urology Tags: (long, 1), 12-18, 30, 7.5, a, abdomen, abnormal, absent, absolutely, accessible. Seeing, Acute, aged, Also, always, and, any, are, arrowheads, as, at, attachment, B Figure, be, Begin, below, characteristic, clinical, Color, compare, compared, cover, decreased, demonstrates, diagnosis, differential, Diffusely, document, doppler, due, easily, echogenicity, echotexture., edema, Emergency, epididymis, epididymitis, essential, exam, few, Figure, filter, Findings:, flow, For, getting, grainy, Gray, has, homogeneous, hours, hydrocele, hypoechoic, identified, If, image, in, include, includes, increased, infarction, is, it, its, just, know, lack, lecture, linear, Look, lower, lowest, makes, males, maximum, may, Mean, measure, medicine, MHz), mid, moderately, most, move, must, no, noise., normal, not, Note, observed, Obtain, of, often, on, onset, opposite, or, orchitis., other, pain, painful, parts, Patient, patients, penis, Place, position, possible, posterior, present, present. Color, presumed, prevent, prone, put, red, respectively., right, scale, scans, scrotal, scrotum., second, sensitivity, setting, settings:, severe, show, small, so, sonographic, sudden, supine, symptomatic, testicle., testicles, Testicular, Testicular Torsion, testis., than, that, the, through, to, torsed, Torsion, towel, transducer, transverse, treated, ultrasound, underside, unilateral, upper, Use, usually, velocity, vessels., visualize, wall, white, with, within, years., you, younger, your 1 Comment »Ectopic Pregnancy
Clinical
An ectopic pregnancy is implantation of a fertilized ovum outside of the fundus or body of the uterine cavity. Usually bleeding or pain in a patient with a positive BHCG is the common presentation. Ectopic pregnancy can never be excluded. We can confirm an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) [...]
Posted in Emergency, medicine, radiologic emergencies, radiology Tags: (IUP), (long, (masses, 1), 25, 4), 4.5, 5, 5.5, 5mm, 6, 6.5, 8, a, abnormality, abortion, Acute, adenexal, adjacent, adnexal, adult, after, alone, Also, always, amniotic, an, and, anechoic, any, Approximate, are, arrow, arrowhead)., arrowhead). Thin-walled, arrowheads, arrowheads). Exam, aspect. Ultrasound, at, axis, be, better, between, Beware, BHCG, bladder, bleed, bleeding, blend, blood, body, but, by, calling, can, cavity., cervix, chaperon, chorion, combination, common, complex, conception., Confirm, confusing. Sonographic, containing, contains, contents, contours, cornual, corpus, cul-de-sac;, cyst, days., decidual, decidualized, decrease., decreases, defined, demonstrates, demonstrating, diagnostic, diameter, distention, distinguish, do, documenting, does, doubles, drawn, early, echogenic, ectopic, Ectopic Pregnancy, embryo, Emergency, empty, endometrium., EV., every, excluded., Expected, extrauterine, fallopian, fat, female, fertilized, fetal, Findings:, fluid, follicle, follow, For, found, fundus, gestation., Gestational, get, has, have, heartbeat., high, If, image, imaginary, implantation, in, inadequate, include, increase, increases, information, intrauterine, involving, is, it, junction, Landmarks, less, likely, likley, lines, live, longitudinal, looking, luteum, makes, mandatory. Transvaginal, mass., may, Mean, measurements)., medicine, missed, Morrison's, much, need, never, normal, Normally, not, obtained, of, often, on, one, or, outer, outside, ovarian, ovaries, Ovary., ovum, pain, Patient, pear, Pelvic, plateau, positive, pouch. 3), predictive, pregnancy, Pregnancy Clinical, Pregnancy Finding, pregnancy. 2), presence, presentation, products, radiology, reaction, recognized, red, representing, represents, retained, ring, risk, sac, sac. Transvaginal, scan., seen, Serial, shape., shows, side., sign, significantly, Signs, size, smooth, specific, specifically, spontaneous, Start, TA, than, the, there, thick, thickened, this, though, through, tissue, to, Transabdominal., Transvaginal., tube, two, U, ultrasound, Ultrasound lecturers 15 (Ectopic Pregnancy), unless, up, urine-filled, useful, usually, uterine, uterus, uterus. Transvaginal, vagina, values, very, Visualization, visualize, wall, We, weeks, whatever, will, with, within, would, yolk, you, you're No Comments »Adenexal Mass
Clinical
Typical clinical concerns are r/o ovarian cyst/mass/torsion, PID or appendicitis.
Longitudinal scan through the urine-filled bladder (B) demonstrates a normal adult uterus (red arrowheads) with smooth contours and pear shape. The cervix (red arrow) is recognized at the junction of imaginary lines drawn though the long [...]
Posted in Genel Tags: (I)., (long, (marked, (r/o, 1), 3), 3mm;, 4), 5, 6, a, Absence, acoustic, add, adnexae., adnexal, adult, Also, always, an, and, anechoic, Angle, anterior, AP, appearance, appendicitis., Approximately, are, area, arrow, arrowheads, arrows, as, at, away, axis, B A., B Hemorrhagic, B Normal, based, being, between, bizarre, bladder, blood, both, but, button, button. To, by, carrot, cc., central, cervix, characteristic, Check, clinical, clots, cm, collecting, Color, component, concerns, contains, contours, convention, correctly, cul-de-sac;, cursors), cyst, cyst/mass/torsion, cystic, cysts, dark, definition, degree, demonstrate, demonstrates, demonstrating, demonstration, diagnosis, Diffuse, direction, document, does, donât, doppler, down, downwards, drawn, echoes, echogenic, echogenicity, echotexture., either, Emergency, empty, Endometrioma, endometriomas., endometrium., enlargement, enough, evaluation, exam, exencephaly, facing, far, fibroids, fibrous, Find, Findings:, fine, fishnet, flashlight., floor), flow, fluid, fluid-fluid, foci, follicles, For, from, full, functional, functioning, fundus, get, hand, have, Having, hemorrhage., Hemorrhagic, heterogeneous, higher, Hit, homogeneous, hopelessly, how, hyperechoic, iceberg, If, image, images, imaginary, in, indicates, initially, inserted, internal, irregular, irregularly, is, isthmus, it, junction, just, key., Kidneys, lack, large, larger, lecture, left., left/right, leg, lesion, levels., linear, lines, little);, longitudinal, Look, lost, low-level, magnification, malignancy, marker, mass., measure, medicine, meets, mistaken, mixed, more, Morrison's, most, move, much, Multiple, necessary., normal, not, notch, now, ö, Obtain, of, often, on, or, orientation, oriented, other, outlining, ovarian, ovaries, Ovary., Pain Adenexal, patients, pear, Pelvic, peripherally, periphery., PID, placing, plane, point, positions., pouch. Hints, predictor, present, probe, proper, push, radiology, re-oriented, recognized, red, rely, representative, rests, retracting, reveals, right, round, sagittal, scan., scanning, screen, see, septa, shadow, shape., should, show, shown, shows, side., sign, significant, simply, size, smooth, so, so. If, solid, sonographic, Start, stay, strands, subtle., suggestive, system., tell, teratoma, than, that, the, their, then, thick, thickened, thin, thin-walled, think, though, through, tip, tissue, tissues., to, too, Torsion, toward, towards, Transabdominal., transducer, Transvaginal., transvaginally, transverse, turning, Typical, ultrasound, Ultrasound lecturers 13 (Adenexal Mass), up, upper, urine-filled, uterus, vagina, vessels., volume, wall, want, was, When, white, width, with, within, you, your No Comments »Pancreatitis
Clinical
Acute pancreatitis is most commonly caused by alcohol abuse or a gallstone impacted in the distal common bile duct. Inflammatory changes vary from mild interstitial edema to extensive necrosis with hemorrhage. Patient usually presents with deep epigastric pain that radiates to the back, nausea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, fever, leuckocytosis, and [...]
Posted in Emergency, medicine, radiologic emergencies, radiology Tags: (H), (IVC)., (long, (masses, (P), (PV), 4), a, abdomen, abdominal, abuse, Acute, additional, adjacent, after, air, alcohol, always, and, anterior, aorta, are, area, areas, arrowheads, artery, as, axis, back, be, because, bile, blood, body, both, bowel, by, cases, cause, caused, cava, changes, clot, collection, collections, commencement, common, commonly, course, decreased, deep, densities 3), Depending, Diffuse, distal, document, Documentation, duct., echogenicity, edema, elevated, Emergency, enlarged, enlargement, entire, enzymes., epigastric, Exam Begin, extensive, fat, fever, filling, Findings: 1), fluid, For, found, from, Gallstone, head, hemorrhage., huge, hyperechoic, hypoechoic, identification, identifying, ill-defined, image, images, impacted, in, inferior, Inflammatory, interstitial, is, its, junction, lecture, lesser, leuckocytosis, longitudinal, lot, maneuvers, margins, marks, may, medicine, mesenteric, mesentery, mild, minimum, most, Multiple, nausea, neck, necrosis, needed, nodes), of, on, or, pain, pancreas, pancreatic, Pancreatitis, parallel, parenchyma 2), pathology, Patient, patients, Peripancreatic, perirenal, pictures, plane, planes., poorly, portal, position, presents, pseudocysts, radiates, radiology, recognized, red, require, required, requires, revealed, sac, scan., several, shape., show, shows, six, small, sometimes, sonographic, spite, splenic, stomach, stranding, structures, such, superior, supine, surrounding, survey, tail, teardrop, tenderness, that, the, thorough, those, three, to, transverse, ultrasound, Ultrasound lecturers 9, Ultrasound lecturers 9 (Pancreatitis), uncinate, upright, usually, vary, vasculature:, vein, vena, views, Visualization, visualized, vomiting, water., weeks, where, with No Comments »AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm)
Clinical
Approximately 90-95% of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are confined to the infrarenal aorta. AAA are usually not repaired until they exceed 4-5 cm in maximum diameter. The risk of rupture within 5 years is 25% at 5 cm diameter. AAA smaller than 5 cm have a a3% risk [...]
Posted in medicine, radiologic emergencies, radiology Tags: 25, 3), 4), 4.5, 5, 90-95%, a, a3%, AAA, AAA. Enlarged, abdominal, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, amount, an, and, Aneurysm, Aneurysm) Clinical Approximately, aneurysms, aorta, aorta. Transverse, Aortic, Aortic Aneurysm, AP, are, around, arrow. 3), arrowheads, arrows, arteries., artery, at, average, bifurcation, by, celiac, cm, cm. 2), cm. Exam Begin, common, commonly, confined, coronal, demonstrates, demonstrating, diameter, each, Emergency, enlargement, entire, exceed, Findings: 1), fluid, focal, For, found, from, get, have, hematoma, hypoechoic, If, iliac, image, images, in, increase, indicate, indicated, infrarenal, inner, intact, intraluminal, is, Kidneys, large, lecture, left., length. Sonographic, longitudinal, lumen, maximum, measure, measured, measurement)., measurements)., medicine, mesenteric, mm/yr, monitor, mural, normal, not, Obtain, of, or, origins, outer, over, patent, Patient, position, radiology, rate, red, renal, repaired, right, risk, rupture, seen. AAA, show, shows, smaller, suggested, superior, supine, than, the, they, thrombus, through, to, transverse, ultrasound, Ultrasound lecturers 8 (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm), until, US, used, usually, view, views, wall, wall. Transverse, while, with, within, years. No Comments »Biliary Dilatation
Clinical
US is approximately 90% accurate in differentiating obstructive from non-obstructive jaundice by depicting the presence of biliary dilatation. Causes for biliary dilatation are impacted gallstone in CBD or at ampulla, benign stricture, pancreatic carcinoma , cholangitis, biliary surgery, and chronic pancreatitis.
In the transverse image, the common bile [...]
Posted in medicine, radiologic emergencies, radiology Tags: (IHBD), (PV), 40%, 7mm. Dilated, 9.7, 90%)., a, Absence, accurate, Acquire, adjacent, adults, Also, ampulla, and, anterior, appearance, Approximately, are, arrow, arrowhead)., arrowheads, arrows, artery. Sonographic, as, at, be, become, benign, bile, biliary, Biliary Dilatation, blood, by, carcinoma, Causes, CBD, cholangitis, chronic, Color, common, Confirm, Confluence, considered, create, depicting, diameter, differentiating, differentiation, dilatation, Dilatation Clinical US, dilated, distal, document, doppler, double-barrel, duct., ducts, easy. 3), Emergency, enlarged, exceeds, far, Findings: 1), flow, For, from, gallbladder, Gallstone, head, hepatic, If, image, images, impacted, in, include, interface., intrahepatic, is, its, jaundice, lecture, left., liver, liver/diaphragm, lobe, longitudinal, makes, may, measure, measured, measurement)., medicine, merging, mm, non-obstructive, ö, oblique, obstructive, Obtain, of, or, pancreatic, pancreatitis. In, patency, Patient, placed, portal, position, possible, posterior, presence, radiology, red, resembling, reveals, right, seen, Shotgun, shotgun. 2), sign, stellate, stricture, structures, supine, surgery, the, their, to, tortuous, transverse, tubes. Dilated, tubes. Shotgun, tubular, ultrasound, Ultrasound lecturers 7 (Biliary Dilatation), used, vein, veins;, vessels., view, views, visualized. Exam Begin, with No Comments »